İngilizce Paragraf Yazım Kuralları

Adım adım ingilizce bir paragraf nasıl yazılır? Topic Sentence nedir? Controlling idea nedir? Supporting sentence ve concluding sentence örnekleri.

Organizing a strong paragraph. Step by step writing a paragraph. What is the topic sentence in a paragraph? Writing supporting details and concluding sentences.

What is a paragraph?

A paragraph is a group of sentences that are intentionally related and focus on a single topic to develop an idea. There are different kinds of paragraphs such as narrative paragraphs, descriptive paragraphs, expository paragraphs, and persuasive paragraphs.

PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE
You can see this three-part structure in most paragraphs.

Introduction: the first section of a paragraph; should include the topic sentence and any other sentences at the beginning of the paragraph that give background information or provide a transition.

Body: follows the introduction; discusses the controlling idea, using facts, arguments, analysis, examples, and other information.

Conclusion: the final section; summarizes the connections between the information discussed in the body of the paragraph and the paragraph’s controlling idea.

We should learn about these steps before organizing a paragraph
1. Topic sentence: Statement of the main idea.
2. Supporting sentences: Elaboration of the main idea and supporting details.
3. Concluding sentence: Restatement of the main idea.

İngilizce paragraf yapısı nasıl olmalı?

Paragraf ile anlatmak istediğimiz konuyu etkin bir şekilde aktarabilmek için paragrafın bütünlüğünü sağlayan öğeleri doğru yerde ve biçimde kullanmalıyız. Bu öğelerin başında tabiki topic sentence geliyor.

What is a Topic Sentence?

A topic sentence is a sentence that gives the main idea of the paragraph by presenting the topic and the controlling idea. That is the most important sentence in the paragraph as it makes the main idea open to debate.

Every topic sentence has two parts:

1. A topic (what the paragraph is about)
2. A controlling idea (the direction the paragraph will take).

While the topic tells your reader what the paragraph will be about, the controlling idea tells them how you will connect them in the body of the paragraph.

Take a look at these topic sentence examples to examine the topic and controlling ideas

• Horses and humans have always shared a special bond since ancient times.

Topic: Horses and humans

Controlling idea: Special bond.

• Human and natural factors both influence the Earth’s climate.

Topic: Earth’s climate

Controlling idea: Human and natural factors.

Topic sentence ve controlling idea kavramlarını şu şekilde de özetleyebiliriz. Diyelim ki cep telefonları hakkında bir paragraf yazmanız gerekli. Ancak cep telefonu kendi başına oldukça geniş bir kapsama sahiptir. Yazacağımız yazı cep telefonlarının fiyatları hakkında mı olacak, özellikleri hakkında mı, gözlerimize etkileri ve sağlık sorunları hakkında mı ya da iletişimi ne kadar kolay bir hale getirdikleri hakkında mı olacak… vs uzatabiliriz. Gördüğünüz gibi burada bir çok alt başlık açılabilmektedir. İşte controlling idea dediğimiz şey tam da burada devreye giriyor.  Örneği inceleyelim;

• Cep telefonu fiyatları bu ay sonunda yükselecek.

Bu örnekte gördüğünüz gibi topic sentence bize paragrafımızda cep telefonu (topic) başlığını, fiyat (controlling idea) değişimleri açısından ele alacağımızı gösteriyor. Bu topic sentence okunduktan sonra okuyucu paragrafta cep telefonu fiyatlarının nasıl ve neden artacağını (supporting sentence) örneklerle görecektir.

Topic sentences should:

• consist of one single topic,
• be located at the beginning of the paragraph, usually in the first sentence,
• not be vague, rambling, too narrow, or too broad

What are the supporting sentences?

The sentences that come after the topic sentence are called supporting sentences. Supporting sentences give details, reasons, and examples about the main idea in the paragraph. They make up the body of a paragraph.

In your supporting sentences, you may need some linking / transitional words and sequence adverbs to organize the structure of the body.

Here are some linking words:

Adding	Furthermore, in addition, likewise
Examples	As follows, For example, in other words, in particular, especially, including, such as, in particular
Compare	by contrasts, although, despite, however, compared with

Here are some sequence adverbs:

First	First of all	Second (ly)
Then	After that	Last
Finally	Eventually	In the end

To see more details for sequence words visit our sequence of adverbs page, please.

What is a concluding sentence?

A concluding sentence indicates that you are coming to the end of the paragraph. That is also the last sentence in a paragraph used to summarize the main idea of the paragraph. To conclude your paragraph, you can use the concluding sentence starters. Some of them are given below:

In other words	In short	Therefore
To sum up	As a result	Finally
In summary	On the whole	For this reason
In general	In conclusion	Thus
Lastly	Overall	In light of …

İngilizce paragraf örnekleri

Şimdi örneklerle beraber doğru bir paragrafın nasıl olması gerektiğini görelim.

İngilizce paragraf örneği-1

Oil prices have a big impact on the global economy. When oil prices go up, it usually costs more to make and transport goods. This can make things like food and clothes more expensive. High oil prices can also make it more costly to travel by car or plane. Sometimes, countries that produce a lot of oil can influence the price. They might decide to produce more oil or less, which changes the price. However, when oil prices are low, it can be cheaper to buy things and travel, but countries that rely on selling oil might make less money. In conclusion, the cost of oil affects many parts of daily life and the economy around the world.

• Topic Sentence with Controlling Idea: “Oil prices have a big impact on the global economy.” (This sentence introduces the main topic and the controlling idea that oil prices significantly affect the economy globally.)
• Supporting Sentences:
  1. “When oil prices go up, it usually costs more to make and transport goods.” (Explains one effect of rising oil prices.)
  2. “This can make things like food and clothes more expensive.” (Further details the impact on consumer goods.)
  3. “High oil prices can also make it more costly to travel by car or plane.” (Describes the effect on transportation costs.)
  4. “Sometimes, countries that produce a lot of oil can influence the price.” (Points out how oil-producing countries can affect prices.)
• Concluding Sentence: “In conclusion, the cost of oil affects many parts of daily life and the economy around the world.” (Summarizes the main points and reiterates the wide-ranging impact of oil prices.)

This structure effectively introduces, supports, and concludes the topic of oil prices and their impact.

İngilizce paragraf örneği-2

Jack London was a famous American writer. He was born in 1876 in San Francisco. London wrote many books about adventure and nature. His most famous book is “The Call of the Wild.” This book tells the story of a dog named Buck. London liked to write about his experiences in the outdoors. He traveled to many places like Alaska and the Pacific. His stories are still popular today. They teach us about survival and bravery. In conclusion, Jack London’s life and writing had a big impact on American literature. He is remembered for his exciting stories about nature and adventure.

• Topic Sentence with Controlling Idea: “Jack London was a famous American writer.” (This introduces the main topic of Jack London and the controlling idea that he is notable in American literature.) Örnekte gördüğünüz üzere bazen “Jack London” gibi bir kişi tarifi de karşımıza topic sentence olarak çıkabilir.
• Supporting Sentences:
  1. “He was born in 1876 in San Francisco.” (Provides background information.)
  2. “London wrote many books about adventure and nature.” (Highlights the themes of his writing.)
  3. “His most famous book is ‘The Call of the Wild.'” (Mentions his well-known work.)
  4. “He traveled to many places like Alaska and the Pacific.” (Describes his experiences that influenced his writing.)
• Concluding Sentence: “In conclusion, Jack London’s life and writing had a big impact on American literature.” (Summarizes the main points and reaffirms London’s influence in literature.)

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