Unit 9: Environment

Vocabulary

Environment

Word	Turkish	Example
balance (n)	denge	We must protect the balance of nature.
climate (n)	iklim	The climate is changing rapidly.
eco-friendly (adj)	çevre dostu	We should use eco-friendly products.
nature (n)	doğa	We must protect nature for future generations.
renewable (adj)	yenilenebilir	Solar energy is a renewable energy source.
responsible (n)	sorumlu	We are responsible for protecting our planet.
temperature (n)	sıcaklık	The temperature is increasing every year.

Problems

Word	Turkish	Example
global warming (n)	küresel ısınma	Global warming is a serious problem.
greenhouse effect (n)	sera etkisi	The greenhouse effect causes temperatures to rise.
to increase (v)	artmak	Pollution levels increase every year.
to pollute (v)	kirletmek	Factories pollute the air and water.
pollution (n)	kirlilik	Air pollution is a big problem in cities.
to threaten (v)	tehdit etmek	Pollution threatens many animal species.
to waste (v)	israf etmek	We shouldn't waste water or energy.

Solutions

Word	Turkish	Example
efficient (adj)	verimli	We should use energy-efficient light bulbs.
to protect (v)	korumak	We must protect endangered animals.
to recycle (v)	geri dönüştürmek	We should recycle paper and plastic.
solar/wind energy (n)	güneş/rüzgar enerjisi	Solar energy is clean and renewable.
to take action (v)	harekete geçmek	We must take action to save our planet.

Save Our Planet!

How to plant a tree — step by step!

Step 1

First, get the seeds.

Step 2

Then, plant them in the soil.

Step 3

Next, water them regularly.

Step 4

After that, give them sunlight.

Step 5

Then, watch them grow!

Step 6

Finally, enjoy a greener world!

We MUST protect our planet! Every action counts!

must / have to (Obligation)

Subject + must / have to + verb (base form)

Modal	Meaning	Example
must	strong obligation (personal)	We must stop polluting the oceans.
have to	obligation (external rule)	We have to recycle at school.
mustn't	prohibition	You mustn't throw trash in the river.

Examples

"We must stop polluting the air and water."

Havayı ve suyu kirletmeyi durdurmamız gerekiyor.

"We have to recycle paper and plastic."

Kağıdı ve plastiği geri dönüştürmek zorundayız.

should / shouldn't (Suggestions)

Subject + should / shouldn't + verb (base form)

Form	Use	Example
should	advice / suggestion	We should protect endangered animals.
shouldn't	negative advice	We shouldn't waste water.

Q: What should we do to save the planet?

A: We should use renewable energy and recycle.

Examples

"We should protect forests and plant more trees."

Ormanları korumamız ve daha fazla ağaç dikmemiz gerekir.

"We shouldn't waste energy; we should turn off the lights."

Enerji israf etmemeliyiz; ışıkları kapatmalıyız.

Imperatives & Process Description

Verb (base form) + ... / Don't + verb + ...

Positive	Negative
Stop polluting!	Don't waste water!
Recycle your bottles!	Don't throw trash on the ground!
Plant more trees!	Don't cut down forests!