Relative Clauses Konu Anlatımı ve Egzersizleri

Relative Clauses konu anlatımı ve egzersizleri sayfasına hoş geldiniz. Relative pronouns who, whom, whose, which, ve that nasıl kullanılır? Relative clauses türleri nelerdir? Defining (restrictive) ya da non-defining (non-restrictive) kullanım örnekleri. Relative clauses testlerimiz PDF olarak hemen aşağıda paylaşılmıştır.

Relative Pronouns konu anlatımı

Relative Pronouns nedir?

Relative pronouns are words used to introduce relative clauses. They help connect a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun, providing more information about it. The most common relative pronouns are who, whom, whose, which, and that.

Dilerseniz önce aşağıdaki örneği inceleyerek cümle içerisindeki yerlerini görelim.

“The teacher who won the award is very dedicated.” Bu cümlemizde;

Main sentence (without the relative clause): “The teacher is very dedicated.”
Relative pronoun: “who”
Relative clause: “Who won the award”

Relative Clauses Konu Anlatımı

1. Who and Whom kullanımı
• Who is used to refer to the subject of a clause and is used for people, not things.
Example: The teacher who teaches English is very kind.
Example: The student who answered the question correctly received praise from the teacher
• Whom is used to refer to the object of a clause and is also used for people.
Example: The student whom the teacher praised was very humble.
Example: The author whom the critics praised wrote a new novel.

2. Whose kullanımı
• Whose is used to indicate possession.
Example: That’s the student whose project won the first prize.
Example: The girl whose painting won the competition is very talented.

3. Which kullanımı
• Which is used for animals and things.
Example: This is the book which covers basic English grammar.
Example: The book which was published last year has become a bestseller.

4. That kullanımı
• That can be used for people, animals, and things in defining (restrictive) clauses.
Example: The notebook that she bought yesterday is already full.
Example: (for people): The teacher that inspired me the most retired last year.
Example: (for things): The painting that hangs in the hallway is from the 18th century.

“Where” ve” When” Relative Pronouns kullanımı

“Where” soru zarfını relative clause cümlelerinde birer ilgi zamiri (relative pronoun) olarak kullanabilriz. Burada kullanacağımız “where” ana cümlede bahsediler “yer” hakkında bilgi vererek main clause ile relative clause birleşmesini sağlayan bir bağlaç görevi görür. Aşağıdaki örneğimizi inceleyelim;

Örnek: “The library where I study is very quiet.”

In this sentence, “where I study” is the relative clause. “Where” refers back to “the library,” providing more information about it.

Breakdown: The library is very quiet. + I study in the library.

“When” soru zarfını da yine bir relative pronoun olarak belirli bir zaman hakkında bilgi vermek için relative clause yapılarında kullanabilir.

Örnek: “Summer is the season when I feel happiest.”

In this example “when I feel happiest” is the relative clause. “When” refers back to “the season,” specifying which season is being discussed.

Remember!

“Where” and “when” act similarly to other relative pronouns like “who,” “which,” and “that” by linking additional information to a noun in the main clause. However, they are specialized in that “where” always refers to a location, and “when” always refers to a time. Unlike “who,” “whom,” “whose,” “which,” and “that,” “where” and “when” cannot be omitted from a relative clause.

Relative Clauses Türleri

Relative clauses can be either defining (restrictive) or non-defining (non-restrictive).

Defining Relative Clauses provide essential information about the noun to which they refer. They do not have commas separating them from the rest of the sentence.

Example: The woman who lives next door is a nurse.

Non-defining Relative Clauses provide extra information that could be left out without affecting the meaning or structure of the sentence. They are separated by commas.

Example: Mr. Brown, who is a renowned author, will visit our school tomorrow.

Relative Clauses Konu Anlatımı

Bonus Tips for Relative Clauses

1. Choosing Between “That” and “Which”:

Bonus Tip: In American English, “that” is commonly used for defining (restrictive) clauses, while “which” is used with commas for non-defining (non-restrictive) clauses. However, “which” can be used in defining clauses if it follows a preposition.

2. The Use of “Whom” in Formal Contexts:

Bonus Tip: “Whom” is the correct choice for the object of the verb in formal writing. However, in everyday speech and informal writing, many native speakers use “who” as an object. To test which to use, try answering the question the clause poses. If the answer is “him/her/them,” then “whom” is likely correct.

3. Restructuring Sentences to Avoid “Whom”:

Bonus Tip: If “whom” feels too formal or awkward, you can often restructure the sentence to avoid it. For example, “The man whom I saw” can become “I saw a man who…”

4. Preference for “That” in Spoken English:

Bonus Tip: While “which” and “who” are perfectly correct, there’s a tendency in spoken English to prefer “that” for both defining and non-defining clauses, owing to its versatility and simplicity.

5. Using “Where” and “When” as Relative Pronouns:

Bonus Tip: Though not covered earlier, “where” and “when” can function as relative pronouns in clauses that modify places and times, respectively. E.g., “The year when the war ended” or “The place where we met.”