Theme 10: Shopping

Unit Vocabulary

Clothing & Fashion

Word	Turkish	Pronunciation	Example
casual wear (n)	günlük giyim	/ˈkæʒ.u.əl weər/	Jeans and T-shirts are the most popular types of casual wear.
clothing (n)	giyim, giysi	/ˈkləʊ.ðɪŋ/	Traditional clothing varies greatly from culture to culture.
dress code (n)	kıyafet kuralı	/dres kəʊd/	Many schools have a strict dress code for students.
ethnic (adj)	etnik	/ˈeθ.nɪk/	She wore a beautiful ethnic outfit from her home country.
occasion (n)	özel gün, durum	/əˈkeɪ.ʒən/	You should choose your clothes according to the occasion.
unisex (adj)	uniseks, her iki cinsiyete uygun	/ˈjuː.nɪ.seks/	This unisex jacket looks great on both boys and girls.

Shopping Expressions

Expression	Turkish	Example
browse (v)	göz gezdirmek	I like to browse the shops before deciding what to buy.
price (n)	fiyat	The price of this dress is more expensive than the other one.
pricey (adj)	pahalı	That brand is very pricey — let’s look for something cheaper.
shop around (phrv)	karşılaştırmalı alışveriş yapmak	You should shop around before buying — prices vary a lot.
dressed to the nines (idiom)	şık giyinmiş, süslü püslü	She was dressed to the nines for the gala dinner.
fit like a glove (idiom)	kalıp gibi oturmak	This jacket fits like a glove — it’s perfect for me!

Culture & Heritage

Word	Turkish	Pronunciation	Example
cultural (adj)	kültürel	/ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl/	Wearing traditional clothes at festivals is an important cultural practice.
culture (n)	kültür	/ˈkʌl.tʃər/	Every culture has its own unique style of clothing.
heritage (n)	miras, kültürel miras	/ˈher.ɪ.tɪdʒ/	Traditional costumes are an important part of our national heritage.
symbol (n)	sembol	/ˈsɪm.bəl/	The kaftan is a symbol of Ottoman elegance and craftsmanship.

Celebrations: 29 Mayıs İstanbul’un Fethi

Word	Turkish	Pronunciation	Example
conquest (n)	fetih	/ˈkɒŋ.kwest/	The conquest of Istanbul in 1453 changed the course of history.
conqueror (n)	fatih	/ˈkɒŋ.kər.ər/	Sultan Mehmed II is known as “the Conqueror” (Fatih Sultan Mehmet).
fortress (n)	kale, hisar	/ˈfɔː.trəs/	Rumeli Fortress was built to prepare for the conquest of Istanbul.
empire (n)	imparatorluk	/ˈem.paɪər/	Istanbul became the capital of the Ottoman Empire after 1453.
siege (n)	kuşatma	/siːdʒ/	The siege of Constantinople lasted 53 days.
historic (adj)	tarihi	/hɪˈstɒr.ɪk/	29 May is a historic day that marks the end of the Middle Ages.

Grammar

Comparatives — Comparing Two Things

Short Adjectives (1 syllable / 2 syllables ending in -y)

adjective + -er + than

Examples

This dress is cheaper than the other one.

Bu elbise diğerinden daha ucuz.

Cotton T-shirts are softer than polyester ones.

Pamuklu tişörtler polyester olanlardan daha yumuşak.

Online shopping is easier than going to a mall.

Online alışveriş alışveriş merkezine gitmekten daha kolay.

Long Adjectives (2+ syllables)

more + adjective + than

Examples

Designer brands are more expensive than local brands.

Tasarımcı markalar yerel markalardan daha pahalı.

Ethnic clothing is more colourful than casual wear.

Etnik giyim günlük giyimden daha renkli.

Irregular Comparatives

Adjective	Comparative	Example
good	better	This jacket is better than the previous one.
bad	worse	The quality of this fabric is worse than silk.
far	farther / further	The mall is farther than the local shop.

Superlatives — The Best of All

Short Adjectives

the + adjective + -est

Examples

This is the cheapest shop in the neighbourhood.

Bu, mahalledeki en ucuz dükkân.

Friday is the busiest day for shopping in Turkey.

Cuma, Türkiye’de alışveriş için en yoğun gündür.

Long Adjectives

the most + adjective

Examples

Silk is the most expensive fabric in this shop.

İpek, bu dükkândaki en pahalı kumaştır.

Istanbul’s Grand Bazaar is the most famous market in the world.

İstanbul’un Kapalıçarşısı dünyanın en ünlü pazarıdır.

Irregular Superlatives

Adjective	Superlative	Example
good	the best	This is the best dress I’ve ever tried on.
bad	the worst	That was the worst shopping experience ever.
far	the farthest / furthest	This is the farthest mall from our school.

Comparative vs Superlative — Quick Summary

Type	Short Adj.	Long Adj.
Comparative	adj + -er than	more + adj + than
Superlative	the + adj + -est	the most + adj

Spelling Rules

big bigger / biggest (double the consonant)

easy easier / easiest (change -y to -i)

large larger / largest (just add -r / -st)

Vocabulary Focus

Grammar Focus

Unit Vocabulary